Cleveland Adolescent Sleepiness Questionnaire (CASQ)
| Name of questionnaire | Cleveland Adolescent Sleepiness Questionnaire (CASQ) |
| Type of questionnaire-description,age | Self-report questionnaire Measures day time sleepiness in ages 11-17 years of age. Can be used clinical (in patients with OSA) and nonclinical (healthy adolescents) |
| Number of items | 16 questions |
| Number of domains & categories | 2 |
| Name of categories/domains | Degree of sleepiness – 11 questions (sleep in school, sleep in evening, sleep in transport) Alertness in school – 5 questions |
| Scaling of items | 1 to 5 (Likert-type responses) 1 - never 2 - rarely 3 – sometimes 4 – often 5 – almost every day Items involving alertness or feeling “wide awake” were reverse coded before summing. |
| Scoring available: with permission or free | No scale; Score ranges between 16-80. Higher scores would indicate greater sleepiness. Total scores on the CASQ were negatively correlated with objective measure of sleep duration. |
| Scoring test-retest reliability | Not reported |
| Scoring internal consistency | Yes (Cronbach's α = 0.89) |
| Validity | Construct validity: results correlated well with 2 other well established sleep questionnaires - School Sleep Habits Survey and Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale. Weakly associated with PSG findings |
| Language | English |
| Available forms (short and/or long etc.) | Long |
| Translations in other languages (if yes, then list the languages) | Portuguese, Persian6 |
| Developer name | James C. Spilsbury, PhD, MPH |
| Developer contact information | James C. Spilsbury, PhD, MPH Center for Clinical Investigation Dept. of Epidemiology & Biostatistics Case School of Medicine Iris S. & Bert L. Wolstein Building 2103 Cornell Rd., Room 6127 Cleveland, OH 44106-7291 phone: (216) 368-7559 fax: (216) 368-0207 E-mail: jcs5@case.edu |
| Availability of questionnaire: needs permission from developer, cost or freely available | Freely available (appendix to the reference given below1). Contact author prior to use. |
| Limitations | Enrollment issues may have led to a non-representative range of normal sleep behavior. No objective measures of sleepiness utilized (e.g. MSLT). |
| Link to the questionnaire (if available) | Appendix of the reference given below1 |
| Other comments | Very easy to administer, may be used in conjunction with objective testing of pediatric sleep disordered breathing and daytime sleepiness. CASQ scores were significantly correlated with age, sleep debt and sleep duration. Offers a visual aspect to answer choices. |
| Patient populations in who questionnaire has been validated | Middle school and high school age children1, children with sleep disordered breathing1, children with asthma2 |
| References (including original publication, validity and reliability in different countries/languages, populations and long/short versions) |
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| Updated by | Sonal Malhotra, MD, MPH |
| The last date of update | December, 2020 |
